Full auto 22lr pistol

All normal guys think machine guns are cool. Additionally, every properly wired American male loves ventilating empty Coke cans with a .22 rifle. As is the case with milk and chocolate chip cookies, politicians and taxes, or fast cars and pretty girls, some things just synergistically combine to produce a sum more compelling than their individual parts. Such is the case with the .22-caliber American 180 machine gun.

Casull Model 290

Richard “Dick” Casull first got the ball rolling with his Casull Model 290. Dick was a gunsmith from Utah ultimately known for his work developing large-bore revolver cartridges. His .454 Casull was and is an absolute monster of a wheelgun round. He also pioneered Freedom Arms in 1978 with Wayne Baker to develop adorable little miniature revolvers. Casull’s mini-revolver designs were eventually acquired by North American Arms. They became the foundation for that company’s extensive line of compact stainless steel revolvers today.

The Model 290 was an expensive and fairly cumbersome gun that Casull designed in the 1960s. Patterned after the Lewis gun used by British forces in both World Wars, the Model 290 employed a top-mounted, spring-driven pan magazine to feed its voracious full-auto appetite. Scuttlebutt has it that only about 80 copies of the Model 290 drew breath prior to discontinuation. However, in the 1970s, several other manufacturers took up the design both within the U.S. and in Austria.

More On The 180 Predecessor

The gun was conceived to accept a primitive and bulky helium-neon gas laser designator. Thusly equipped, it was marketed aggressively as a military and law enforcement weapon. These early laser sights were enormous, bulky contraptions. They could run for about two hours on a single set of batteries. You could also plug the sight into a power outlet if the target felt really cooperative.

While a single .22 LR round doesn’t pack a great deal of horsepower, 20 of them delivered in the span of a single second can be quite literally breathtaking. The diminutive stature of the .22 LR produces minimal recoil, so the gun was easy to control. The original marketing literature touted the gun’s ability to chew through concrete walls, car doors and body armor. Though this would also presuppose a preternaturally cooperative target. To eat through body armor with a full-auto .22 demands that the hypothetical armor-clad miscreant hold still for a bit. The gun’s manufacturers claimed that you could place the contents of an entire 165-round magazine within a 3-inch circle at 20 yards in the span of eight seconds. Now that’s just cool.

Enter The American 180

The Casull’s successor, the American 180, weighs less than a stripped M16A1 unloaded; most variations are described as being well made and reliable. Original magazines carried 165 or 177 rounds, though larger- capacity drums of up to 275 rounds are still in production today. The 275-round drums do effectively occlude the weapon’s sights, however. E&L Manufacturing, the current producer of American 180 drums, includes an elevated front sight along with the
first 275-round drum you buy.

The open-bolt mechanism of the American 180 incorporates a series of grooves in the sides of the bolt that very effectively channel dirt and debris out of the mechanism. The British L2A3 Sterling submachine gun sports similar grooves. The non-reciprocating charging handle is oriented on the left side of the receiver, towards the rear, so that the bulky drum magazine does not interfere with its operation. The drum chassis spins on top of the receiver as it empties.

There is a captive screw underneath the forward aspect of the receiver that allows the gun to break down quickly into two handy components. The stock removes with the push of a button in the manner of the M1928 Thompson submachine gun. Particularly with a short 9-inch barrel in place, this makes the American 180 easily packable. The assembly and disassembly processes are relatively straightforward and easily mastered.

Additional 180 Details

The magazine release is fairly intuitive and simple to manage, though the bulky nature of the pan magazine does produce a cluttered sight picture. The ergonomics of the stock and pistol grip are better reasoned than those of the Thompson that obviously inspired them. Overall, the American 180 is a comfortable gun to run.

Semi-auto versions of the American 180 have been offered in the past, and these guns come up for sale occasionally on online used-gun forums. While the practicality of a 10-pound semi-auto .22 packing 177 rounds on board might be questionable, there is no better tactical tool should you ever find yourself attacked by a battalion of malevolent chipmunks. I’ve frankly bought guns for dumber reasons.

The magazines are a holy pain to load, and the American 180 runs through ammo like politicians burn through other people’s money. E&L Manufacturing also offers a magazine loader that renders this chore a bit less onerous. A single mechanical spring-loaded winder can be used
to power multiple magazines.

So What’s It Good For?

The American 180 was formally adopted by the Utah Department of Corrections, and it was undoubtedly intimidating when wielded from a guard tower at their state penitentiary. There are rumors that the Rhodesian Special Air Service used a few of these novel guns operationally in Africa. However, humping the African savanna with one of these hyperactive little buzz guns must have been a treat.

The nature of the design demands that it be fed high-velocity ammo, so suppressed versions remain fairly noisy. Regardless, the company’s marketing efforts were compelling, and quite a few examples were indeed sold to local law enforcement agencies. Many of the guns available today were traded out of police arms rooms over the years.

Real-Life Shootout

I could find but a single detailed anecdote involving the operational use of a laser-equipped American 180 by cops in a real-life shootout. In November of 1974, Officers Mike Gilo and Gary Jones of the Fort Lauderdale Police Department attempted to subdue a pair of evildoers driving a Chevrolet Camaro. As the driver of the Camaro accelerated in an effort to escape, his foolhardy passenger produced a handgun and fired at the officers. Gilo responded by unleashing a roughly 40-round burst through the back window of the suspects’ car while Jones engaged with his 12-gauge shotgun loaded with buckshot.

The 12 gauge failed to connect; the American 180 stitched across the back window of the car, removing the lot of it. The driver then crashed the car; the passenger was found already heading towards room temperature as a result of multiple .22 LR wounds to his back. The driver was apprehended later, grievously wounded by multiple .22-caliber gunshot wounds but still breathing. In today’s litigious environment, a fully automatic weapon that spews rounds so enthusiastically would be a plaintiff’s attorney’s dream. In the 1970s, however, there apparently weren’t as many lawyers are there are today.

How Does It Run?

Wow. Just wow. Loading the drums is just as big a hassle as I had anticipated; the American 180 does indeed burn through .22 LR ammo at a breathtaking rate. I sucked it up and bought 5,000 rounds for this project just so I wouldn’t feel the effects of ammo famine before I got done.

Keeping bursts in the five-round range is not tough for a disciplined trigger finger, and New Math tells us that even the smaller drums would pack 35 such bursts in a single charge. Visualize the fully stoked American 180 like a 10-pound recoilless shotgun that carries 35 rounds onboard. When so employed, the American 180 is accurate and controllable, allowing you to keep every round within a standard silhouette at typical handgun ranges.

Reaching out to 100 meters, the gun is more fun than a barrel of monkeys, particularly when fired into a wet target with a safe backstop. Each burst seems like the fistful of gravel we used to throw into the water when we were young boys, producing that lovely little coordinated splash around the point of aim. Against steel targets, the effect is positively musical. Much beyond 100 meters, the American 180 becomes an area weapon system.

Bad-Breath Distances

At bad-breath distances, the American 180 is just as nasty as the marketing literature claims it to be. The recoil is so trivial that you really could just about write your name with the thing. When firing a full magazine in a continuous burst from a proper rest, the tidy little gun will indeed group within about a teacup. Such antics will indeed put hair on your chest regardless of your gender, but you could die of old age trying to load enough drums to keep the process vibrant for a while.

When appropriately maintained, the American 180 is a reliable and effective close-quarters weapon. With 275 rounds on board, the gun gets heavy, but it offers more controllable firepower than most anything else in the arms room. Given the dynamically rotating nature of the drum magazine and the unimpressive mechanical spunk of the .22 LR cartridge, the practicality of employing an American 180 in an austere field environment is questionable, however.

Pure Fun

The American 180 is one of the most novel and unusual combat weapons ever devised. For law enforcement or corrections applications, it indeed offers some unique capabilities. However, the real niche the American 180 enjoys is as a recreational range toy.

Fairly easy to tote and all but recoilless, the American 180 lets you chew up the range like a beaver on crack. Loading drums will test your patience, and the gun’s appetite will earn you Christmas cards from your favorite ammo supplier. However, as a delightful way to kill a lazy Saturday afternoon at the range, the American 180 is indeed unparalleled. Lightweight, accurate for its genre and just crazy cool, the American 180 is 10 pounds of raw, unfiltered fun.

American 180 Specs

This article was originally published in “Tactical Life” August/September 2018. To order a copy and subscribe, visit outdoorgroupstore.com.

I was about 16, helping out with a beach demonstration of operator gadgets at the Navy UDT/SEAL Museum in South Florida, when a SEAL vet gave me and my friends a chance to shoot a full-automatic weapon for the first time: blank rounds from a belt-fed M-60. Each of us stepped up, grunted under the bulk of the machine gun, felt the upward jerk of the muzzle as it burped hot anger toward the surf, and said to ourselves: My God, this rocks.

Then the SEAL made us clean up all the spent ammo links that our shooting had spat into the sand. We did not complain. We were still walking on a cloud.

The thrill of full-auto fire is tough to convey to folks who haven’t experienced it. And plenty haven’t experienced it: Machine guns in America are difficult to own and expensive as hell. Basically, machine guns made after 1986 are illegal, which drives up the value of “pre-ban” full-auto firearms — which have to be registered with ATF, and you need a $200 tax stamp of approval for your legally formed firearms trust to take possession of… you know what, just trust me that it’s a long and costly process, and read more here if you really want the deets.

So what are you to do if you don’t have the time or the liquidity to legally buy a pre-ban $40,000 M-16 in full auto? Reader, we’ve got you covered. Over the years, smart guys with milling machines and YouTube accounts have figured out a host of mods to make their rifles fire rapidly (and bafflingly, legally), like full auto, without bringing a platoon of ATF agents to their doors. Check out these options — and if you’re really interested in any of them, check out your applicable local laws before you go scratching that itch on your trigger finger.

1. BUMP FIRE

One thing I love about gun people is they call things what they are. Bump fire is basically what it sounds like: You take a semi-auto weapon, set your finger against the trigger (without wrapping your trigger hand on the pistol grip), and push the whole weapon forward with your other hand until it fires. When it discharges, the recoil “bumps” the weapon back. Your non-trigger hand’s continued forward pressure on the weapon bumps it forward again, into your trigger finger, and now suddenly your magazine is empty and you’re grinning ear-to-ear.

Sound hard? Check out this DIY video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bD213VW6WjY

It’s kind of an awkward dance to perform without much practice, and I don’t recommend it to novices. But fortunately, when there’s a demand, there’s a supply of bump-fire-assist products ready to equip you:

Bump Fire rifle stocks

For $100, you can equip your AR or AK with one of these special stocks that enable you to bump-fire your weapon from a more natural shooter position. Does it work? You tell me:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qxv_c7fwZU4

The manufacturer even has an approval letter from the ATF on its website, certifying that the bump-fire stock does not legally make your rifle a “machine gun.” (Pro tip: If you’re in the market for any full-auto-style mod, ask the maker if he’s applied for one of these ATF opinion letters. If not, run away quickly.)

SlideFire

Another bump-fire stock solution, albeit a pricier one, the SlideFire was developed by Air Force vet Jeremiah Cottle. Here’s how he describes its action:

“There are no moving parts in the Slide Fire and no springs. You hold your finger on the trigger rest and push forward to fire the gun. It is not automatic. Nothing is automatic. You actively fire every round, and if you stop pushing forward or you take your finger off the trigger the gun stops firing. It just helps you fire the gun in semi-automatic very fast.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTSNscULt28

The SlideFire is also the modification that got a lot of firearms skeptics wondering: How is this legal? So it’s got that going for it.

AutoGlove

Here’s an interesting twist on the bump-fire concept: Instead of a stock, the $299 AutoGlove is… well, what it sounds like. All the magic happens when you stick your sci-fi-lookin’ begloved hand into the trigger guard and pull away.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPWuyP5AwTk

The big advantage here: You can use the glove’s “trigger actuation device” to bump-fire any semi-auto weapon, not just your favorite AR. Which is great, because at cyclic fire rates, you’re gonna be running through a lot of ammunition, so why not waste it on some bricks of cheap .22?

Hellfire triggers

These suckers — cheap little springs that attach to the inside of your trigger-guard — have been around for a long time, and their history is fraught: They were a favorite of cult leader David Koresh before his deadly standoff with the ATF in the early ‘90s, and a crazy asshole in California used two Hellfire-loaded TEC-9s to murder eight people before shooting himself in the heart of downtown San Francisco in 1993.

But they’re Soldier of Fortune-approved, so there’s that:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7OCFNpicso

2. PULL-AND-RELEASE TRIGGERS

If you’re more of a gadgethead, you’re going to love pull-and-release triggers. The basic concept is a trigger assembly that fires two shots: One when you pull the trigger, and one when you release it. Two-shot bursts are pretty exciting. Joining two-shot bursts together to empty your mag in seconds is like having fantastic sex in a pool filled with Fireball. (I’m, uh, guessing.)

How is it legal? Well, the ATF says as long as each individual shot comes from a motion of the operator, it’s not true full-auto, and you’re street-legal. (This is the point where I, a dad, remind you that only experienced, disciplined shooters should play with a weapon that fires a bonus round on a trigger release. Don’t be the guy who absentmindedly puts that extra slug through a gun-range deck… or something more valuable.)

Franklin Armory Binary Fire System

For a couple hundred bucks, you can modify your AR with this trigger assembly, which has three selector-switch modes: safe, semi-auto, and “binary,” which is fancy talk for “God just reached into my rifle and made it double-tap everything I shot at.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVJHVqgXRVI

Not enough of a Dremel-tool genius to drop the trigger package in yourself? They sell complete lower receivers, too.

Fostech Echo

Pull-and-release systems can have some disadvantages. For one, you could quickly end up with a jam — you’re basically repositioning the hammer before the carrier bolt is out of the way. Fostech’s Echo uses a small sear — similar to those used in real full-auto actions — to keep the hammer clear until your bolt carrier’s home. (But it’s not full auto! They have a letter!)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcIMERWjhiw

Like Franklin Armory’s trigger packages, Fostech’s come with a third selector-switch mode, “Echo.” Which is a really beautiful description of tearing shit up with a ton of 5.56.

TAC Fire

The TAC Fire calls its triggers’ third selector-switch mode “positive reset,” which is the best euphemism so far for a bonus shot.

If the hardware is as slick as their videos, these guys will go far!

3. HAND CRANKS

Look, we’re just having fun here. If you’re not so concerned about being tacticool, or if you have a soft spot in your heart for Gatling guns, then consider hooking your firearm up to a hand crank for some serious rapid fire.

BMF Activator

This sucker’s available at Cabela’s and Bass Pro for 20 bucks, and it’s specifically designed for .22 long rifle firearms. Which is great: Make your 10/22 fun to shoot again, and burn through stockpiles of crappy rimfire ammo.

I feel ya, guy in coveralls cranking rounds into the crick by your ATV. I feel ya.

The Redneck Obliterator

When life gives you six AK-47s and a massive metal gear crank, make beautiful, rapid-fire lemonade:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH2xsQcIUYI

That’s crazy, you say. No one would really shoot a thing like that. Reader, never doubt man’s innate drive to push rounds downrange:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH2xsQcIUYI

As Bearing Arms’ Bob Owens put it: “I can’t decide if I’m awed, appalled, or a little bit of both.”

4. JUST RENT A MACHINE GUN, ALREADY

Maybe you can’t afford the cost of an M-60 or an Uzi, but rest assured, plenty of ranges with NFA firearms licenses can. Hell, down here in Florida, the gunshine state, there’s an Orlando-based full-auto theme park: Machine Gun America.

But the chances are pretty good you don’t have to go that far to find a full-auto rental range near you. Just be safe and responsible with your fun, and remember: Ammo gets expensive really fast.

WATCH MORE:

Machine pistol

The Trejo pistol, also known as the Trejo machine pistol, is the smallest fully automatic weapon ever made. Not well known in the United States, it was quite successful in Mexico, with over 16,000 examples manufactured by Armas Trejo S.A. between 1952 and 1972. The apple logo on the side of the slide is a reference to the town Zacatlán de las Manzanas (Zacatlán of the Apples, near Puebla), which is famous for its apples and apple cider.

The Trejo pistol has a blowback action with unlocked firing from a closed bolt. It is designed for burst fire rather than full-auto because of limited magazine capacity. At the time when it was introduced to the Mexican market, there were no laws against fully automatic capabilities in small calibers like the .22 Long Rifle.

In 1950, Gabriel Trejo, a blacksmith by trade, created the company of his son Abraham, not in an extant company, because in his own words, "I want to do something out of the ordinary".

Full-auto versions of the Modelo-1 are marked Tipo-Ráfaga (select-fire type) and have a little lever marked with an "R" for ráfaga (the Spanish word for "burst"). In terms of its operation, it is near identical to the M1911.

The rate of fire is very high, ranging from 1300-1400 rounds per minute depending on the type of ammunition used (higher velocity rounds make for a higher rate of fire). Bursts can be from three up to eight rounds, the latter of which will empty the entire magazine in 0.4 seconds. The design suffers from reliability issues with the .22LR rimfire cartridge.

The National Firearms Act of 1934 reduced imports of the Trejo pistol to the US because the $200 tax imposed on Title II firearms was far more than the original value of the Trejo. The Gun Control Act of 1968 ended importation into the United States and finally the Mexican government closed down domestic production of firearms for private purchase. The Trejo was also made in semi-automatic versions: the Modelo 2, a model with a longer barrel and an expanded magazine with a capacity of 11 rounds, and the Modelo 3 in .32 ACP and .380 ACP. A variant using a high capacity magazine was manufactured for the Mexican military which was chambered in 9mm and featured a 40-round magazine. This variant named the Model 2 "Especial" (special) offered the capability to fire in semi-automatic, burst-fire or fully automatic modes.

In 1970 the factory that produced the Trejo pistol, along with three more that manufactured other weapons, were closed by Presidential Decree as a result of social problems that were occurring in Mexico at the time (now known as the Dirty War).

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We don’t yet know for certain if Stephen Paddock used an automatic weapon when he killed at least 59 people, including himself, and injured hundreds of others in Las Vegas on Sunday night. If you know anything about US gun laws, though, this should have at first seemed unlikely — after all, automatic weapons are some of the few guns that are supposed to be banned or, at the very least, strictly regulated in America.

The reality is more complicated. That’s because, as is all too typical with US gun laws, the automatic weapons ban has some pretty big loopholes. And that makes it possible that the rapid fire heard in the videos of the Las Vegas shooting came from a fully or effectively automatic weapon.

Automatic weapons are what many Americans think of as machine guns. These are guns that can continuously fire off a stream of bullets by simply holding down the trigger — making them very deadly. Semiautomatic weapons, by contrast, fire a single bullet per trigger pull. The difference between an automatic and a semiautomatic effectively translates to firing hundreds of rounds a minute versus dozens or so in the same time frame.

Under federal law, fully automatic weapons are technically legal only if made before 1986, when Congress passed the Firearm Owners’ Protection Act. So it’s now illegal to manufacture new automatic weapons for civilian use.

That gets us to the first loophole: If you have an automatic weapon from before 1986, it was grandfathered through the law. So it’s still legal to buy, sell, and exchange these kinds of weapons, including in Nevada,as long as they’re a few decades old — although with some extra hurdles that don’t apply to other types of firearms, such as registering fully automatic guns with the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) and paying a special tax, with the risk of additional penalties if someone doesn’t comply.

There are more than 630,000 of these guns in circulation, according to federal data.

The second major loophole is that it’s legal to sell and buy modification kits that can convert semiautomatic weapons into effectively automatic ones. The Associated Press explained how one of these modifications, the “bump stock,” works:

The device basically replaces the gun's shoulder rest, with a "support step" that covers the trigger opening. By holding the pistol grip with one hand and pushing forward on the barrel with the other, the shooter's finger comes in contact with the trigger. The recoil causes the gun to buck back and forth, "bumping" the trigger.

Technically, that means the finger is pulling the trigger for each round fired, keeping the weapon a legal semi-automatic.

Paddock had 12 bump stocks, Ken Dilanian reported for NBC News, among an arsenal of 23 guns at the hotel he shot people from and 19 at his house, at least some of which were AR-15– and AK-47–style weapons. But it’s not clear if the modifications were actually used during the shooting, as investigators are still piecing together what happened.

These devices are generally legal. Miles Kohrman at the Trace reported that the ATF gave one company, Bump Fire System, a letter of approval before its product shipped to market in 2012.

It’s also just one kind of modification. There are others, including a crank that replaces the trigger — turning a gun into what a gun aficionado channel on YouTube called “a mini Gatling Gun.” And it’s still possible to make illegal modifications that turn guns into fully automatic weapons, as Andy Greenberg explained at Wired.

“Converting a semi-automatic to fully automatic is very, very easy,” John Sullivan, lead engineer for the gun access group Defense Distributed, told Wired. “At the end of the day, machine guns are easy to make.”

Like other loopholes in gun laws, these have been in large part buttressed by the typical pro-gun argument that people should have these weapons to be able to defend themselves and their families. But the research suggests that owning a gun actually increases the risk of death.

Congress could close the loopholes, but it's unclear if they will. The No. 3 Republican in the Senate, at least, did not rule it out. “To turn semiautomatic weapons into virtually automatic weapons, you know, that’s something I think we’ll take a look at,” Sen. John Thune (R-SD) told reporters on Tuesday.

There is good reason for skepticism. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) in 2013 proposed a bill banning bump stocks and similar modifications after the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. But, as Kohrman reported, it never even got a vote in Congress.

Until Congress changes the law, there are some pretty big legal loopholes letting Americans obtain weapons that are effectively automatic.

For more on America’s gun laws and how they differ from other nations’ laws, read Vox’s explainer.

Correction: Clarified the difference between automatic and semiautomatic weapons.